Macbeth’s Gender Role Reversal Essay Example for Free

Macbeth’s Gender Role Reversal Essay William Shakespeare’s tragedy â€Å"Macbeth† completely challenges the idea of traditional gender roles and social norms during the renaissance period. The male characters have many feminine traits while the female characters have many more masculine and manlier traits. This was going entirely against the stereotypical outlook of the roles you’re supposed to play as your gender during that time of history. During the renaissance period women were only expected to clean, cook, and to have babies. Men on the other hand were typically expected to work hard and to provide for the home. Socially women didn’t have power or respect and men were the ones who were supposed to be brave and tough at the best of times and the worst of times. That idea is challenged many times throughout Macbeth as their are several examples where Lady Macbeth remains strong while Macbeth crumbles and becomes weak. The play consistently challenges the society norms of gender roles. It’s obvious the Macbeth’s don’t serve as your stereotypical husband and wife. Right away throughout the first couple of acts, Shakespeare introduces Lady Macbeth’s character as an assertive and dominant woman that makes the decisions over her husband Macbeth. Lady Macbeth really makes it apparent that she wears the pants in there relationship. For example, in scene 1 act 5 when Macbeth tells Lady Macbeth King Duncan is coming and he seems to be very hesitant on how he will handle the King’s presence. Lady Macbeth takes charge and asserts her dominance by saying, â€Å"He that’s coming/ Must be provided for, and you shall put/ This night’s great business into my dispatch† (scene 1 act 5 64-66).In traditional society, if the king is coming to your house, it would be very unusual for the lady of the house to be in charge of handling the appearance by the king. Lady Macbeth and Macbeth also exchange roles in the way they handle their emotions and the way they handle the guilt. For instance, when it comes to the thought of murder and death, Lady Macbeth shows no mercy, and when King Duncan was murdered, she remained unphased by the act. This is apparent when she deals with Macbeth leaving the gory daggers at the site of the murder, â€Å"Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead/ Are but as pictures; ‘tis the eye of childhood/ That fears a painted devil.†(scene 2 act 2 56-58). Macbeth is portrayed as emotionally unstable and soft as he is afraid to even go back into the room where the murder took place, â€Å"I’ll go no more/ I am afraid to think what I have done†(scene 2 act 2 54-55). This interaction between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth really shows the unusual roles one another play in their relationship because, in a situation where someone is murdered or there is a serious crime, women aren’t usually t he ones who are brave and strong-minded about it, men are. As the play goes on, Lady Macbeth begins to lose her fierce and intimidating persona as Macbeth becomes the more assertive and dominant one. Lady Macbeth starts losing her edge when it becomes less difficult to get Macbeth to follow through with his murderous acts. Anytime Macbeth thinks you’re interfering with his kinship, he’ll have no problem taking you down and getting you out of his way. Macbeth no longer needs Lady Macbeth to persuade him. This is very apparent when he shows no mercy planning the murder of Banquo, â€Å"There’s comfort yet, they are assailable/ Then be thou jocund: ere the bat hath flown/ His cloistered flight, ere to black Hecate’s summons/ The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy hums/ Hath rung night’s yawning peal, there shall be done/ A deed of dreadful note† (scene 3 act 2 40-44). A completely different Macbeth we see out of this quote, no longer hesitant and no longer appearing to be affected by guilt. Now that Macbeth is this individual who is ready and eager to kill, Lady Macbeth begins to show the side of her that wasn’t present at the beginning of the play, â€Å"Come on. Gentle my lord/ Sleek o’er your rugged looks, be bright and jovial/ Among your guests tonight† (act 3 scene 2 26-28). Lady Macbeth expresses emotion and traits of care, unlike any other time. The play Macbeth features many different gender reversals throughout the entire play. Shakespeare really tests the normality of having women be the assertive and dominant one in a marriage while having the man be kind of timid and soft. Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s gender reversals distinctively show the extreme traits one another possess and it gives an opposite perspective than what we are used to. Whatever goes up always must come down, and when Lady Macbeth and Macbeth begin to form into traditional gender roles, that becomes the start of their decline.

The Real Sucker Essay -- essays research papers

The Real Sucker Geoff Karanasos CARSON McCULLERS December 12, 1996   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many Different experiences in a child's life help form the personality and attitude he or she will adopt later in life. One such example of this is a fictional character named Sucker. This young boy really admired his cousin Pete, whom he lived with. Sucker was just an innocent child who would believe anything Pete said. The more Sucker admired Pete, the more Pete resented Sucker. This went on until Pete met a girl. Pete was so happy that he didn't mind Sucker's admiration toward him. Sucker became a bright enthusiastic child who loved being around Pete. He was so happy that he didn't want anything to change. After Pete got dumped, he turned all of his frustrations toward Sucker. Sucker then...

Great Gatsby Essay, Character Corruption Essay

Throughout the novel of The Great Gatsby corruption is a prevalent and reoccurring theme and lies within most characters. They become overwhelmed with their own self desires and goal to gain material possession that it blocks their true vision of innocence and morality. Daisy for example is introduced into the book as an innocent dedicated wife to Tom but as the book progresses there is an evident change in her character as she becomes increasingly corrupt. By the end of the book Daisy is selfish, destructive and careless as she handles the situation between her husband, Tom, and her ex lover, Gatsby. For example of her being careless, she lets Gatsby take the blame for her killing of Myrtle Wilson which eventually leads to Gatsby’s death which she seems to show no concern. She is destructive by cheating on her husband while having no real intentions of leaving him for Gatsby. Tom from the beginning of the novel was always seen as corrupt when he has an ongoing affair with Myrtle to satisfy his own needs and leave those needs and feelings of Daisy behind him. He focuses more on monetary value of things and his own self appearance than to the care which Daisy requires out of him as a husband. Tom is also a hypocrite in a way when he catches Daisy and realizes what she has been doing behind his back, he becomes fierce and angry with her while at the same time he has been doing the same behind her back for years. Jordan Baker is also extremely corrupt because of her dishonesty and her need to gossip. She is a social climber who will cling to anyone who means anything or has money for her to grasp onto. She will do whatever it takes to win or get her way, as shown when she cheats in her round of golf to win the tournament. Everything she does is for show and has no regard for other people or their feelings. She goes to Gatsby’s parties with no real concern for who he is while showing no gratitude or thanks for having the party. She is constantly looking out for herself and only herself trying to figure out ways in which she can be seen and become popular in the West and East Egg community. When Daisy was having her affair with Gatsby, Jordan supported her and was behind her during the whole thing, another example of corruption within Jordan. The people of West and East Egg are also all corrupt and consumed with themselves. This is shown when Gatsby dies because only two people show up to his funeral Nick and his father. These people attending his parties have no care for him or his house while they’re there and cannot even pay respect to a man that has died and has given every one of them more then he needed to. Gatsby himself is also a corrupt character in the book yet not nearly as blatantly as the others. Gatsby is corrupted by love and his dream to be with Daisy. Everything he’s ever done in his life such as the money he’s made and the parties he throws are for the slightest chance of him becoming reacquainted with his lost love, Daisy. He is constantly being used by everyone in West and East Egg as an outlet to their everyday lives. They have no regard for who he is and nor do they care. The people come and go as if it is routine for these parties and show no thanks to Gatsby. He has no true friends besides Nick in Egg. Gatsby, over the time of becoming rich has become overwhelmed and brought into the world of expensive material things all to impress Daisy, who previously could not be with him because he was not wealthy. All he can do is show that off so that in the slight chance she comes to one of his parties he can show her is wealth and what he has become. Gatsby is so drawn into and brain-washed over Daisy that she is all he can think about and all he sees is that green light across the bay, dreaming of the time when he and Daisy can finally be together again. This dream is crushed though because he cannot compete with Tom. Tom being categorized under ‘old money’ while Gatsby is categorized under ‘new money’ and big distinction in the communities of West and East Egg. He has devoted his life to becoming an exclusive member to the ‘old money’ people in Long Island but will never be able to reach that goal which corresponds to his goal of end up with Daisy. Corruption is an over arching theme throughout The Great Gatsby and all characters seem to reveal it in their own way with the exception of Nick who stays true to his midwest routes. Nick is never consumed in the material world or has the desire for anything greater than which he already has while all the other characters are always greedy and have desire for more things. They are all absorbed in their own world and worries that they have no time to see what others are doing or how they feel which is an easy way to lead to a corrupted lifestyle.

Essay on Power of Men in William Shakespeares The...

Power of Men in William Shakespeares The Winters Tale It has been said that in The Winters Tale Shakespeare dramatises the contemporary struggle between masculine and feminine power. In light of this comment, examine the presentation of the relationships between men and women. Despite their many differences, contemporary society is now only beginning to realise their equal and respective roles in society. Since the beginning of time a contemporary struggle for equality has been present between masculine and feminine powers. The biblical stories of creation have often been used as an excuse to mistreat women. The mythical story of The Garden of Eden has been used to display women being easily seduced into wrong doing The†¦show more content†¦Unlike the other male writers of his time, Shakespeare had proven very hard to catergorise and this is reflected by the humanity of his female character. Critic Irene Dash states Shakespeares women characters testify to his genius... they learn from the meaning of self-sovernity for a woman in a patriarchal society. The female characters of The Winters Tale prove Dashs comment, as Shakespeare shows of the goodness women through: the fierce honesty of Hermione, the youthful constancy of her daughter Perdita and the consummate righteousness of Paulina, Hermiones lady-in-waiting, who stands up to King Leontes when no one else will. Shakespeare provides the audience with three females namely Hermione, Perdita and Paulina who are constanly right yet have no power whereas men such as Leontes who have all of the power and yet are constantly wrong. Through the presentation of his characters Shakespeare is illustrating the inequality and oppression of women in the 17th century, thus highlighting the contemporary struggle between masculine and feminine powers. In the Jacobean era, women were considered to be second-class citizens, and when they married they lost their independence, property and without legal power, had to do as the male pleased. A rhyme from Voyce of the LesdeShow MoreRelated Relationships Between Men and Women in The Winters Tale by William Shakespeare3196 Words   |  13 PagesRelationships Between Men and Women in The Winters Tale by William Shakespeare The Winters Tale was written in 1611, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. The play is one of Shakespeares romance titles, though it could be more justly referred to as a tragi-comedy due to the instances of accusation, death, repentance and reunion. To successfully study how Shakespeare presents relationships between men and women in The Winters Tale there are four main relationshipsRead MoreFree Will vs. Fate in The Winters Tale Essay1645 Words   |  7 PagesThe Winters Tale The Winters Tale is one of jealousy, betrayal and redemption. While this story involves many characters and opens questions of the flaws in human nature and the power of forgiveness, there are two main characters of particular anomaly. The actions of Leontes and Perdita in this play are unique unto themselves. As King, Leontes every decision weighs heavily upon the court and his country. As we have seen in several other plays by Shakespeare, when the King is in distressRead More Analysis of King Leontes Transformation Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesJealousy and judgement, or rather misjudgement, seem to be major themes in Shakespeare’s plays, in which most judgements are assumed by no logical basis or intellectual wit. King Leontes, unlike Othello, comes to his conclusion by his own means, without any outside verification of truth or logical explanation for his jealousy. However, there are many similarities, based on their situation, between him and Othello. Both men t ransform, emotionally, into beast like figures whose actions ultimatelyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Winter s Tale1352 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the beginning to the end of ‘The Winter’s Tale’, William Shakespeare explores the equivocal power of the of the imagination, its capacity to create and to destroy. Shakespeare explores gender roles and adapts his plot to create a more controversial pivot and present his revised perspective on human experience. Modern Jacobean audiences are presented with a play deep-rooted in tragicomic realms, with nuanced underlying messages, and Shakespeare masterfully uses gender in order to accentuate andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s English Literature Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare has been best known for his poems, plays and masterful piece of writings in the English language. He has been referred to as the England s national poet and the Bard of Avon. He produced over thirty eight plays, hundred fifty four sonnets, five poems, and more verses. Shakespeare s plays consist of mainly tragedies, comedies and histories which are regarded as one of the best in those genres. The plays, the poems, and the sonnets have had a significance influence in EnglishRead MoreEssay on Antony and Cleopatra1655 Words   |  7 Pageswould like to discuss how Shakespeare uses these characteristics in his Roman tragedy Antony and Cleopatra, as a means to express sixteenth century Englands cultural upheavals, one of which was the transformation of masculinity defined in terms of power to masculinity rooted in humanism. Traditionally, the monarch of a country is the head of the nobility(Giddens 2) and skilled in weaponry so as to fight side by side with his soldiers. Queen Elizabeth shattered this tradition with her femininityRead MoreJulius Caesar Character Analysis2014 Words   |  9 Pages1599 by William Shakespeare. Even though the play is about Julius Caesar, the main character isn’t Julius Caesar, but really is Brutus. Brutus deals with internal conflict during the play because at first he doesn’t want to cause any harm to his emperor but Cassius convinces him that the other senators and he should do something about Caesar. Cassius is another senator for the Roman Empire who does not like Caesar, and was the one who first brought up the idea of harming Caesar. In William Shakespeare’sRead More Shakespeares World Essay3144 Words   |  13 Pages Shakespeares World nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Almost every nation on earth reads, studies and performs the works of William Shakespeare. No writer of any country, nor any age, has ever enjoyed such universal popularity. Neither has any writer been so praised. As William Hazlitt observed, quot;The most striking peculiarity of Shakespeares mind was its generic quality, its power of communication with all other minds.quot; It is perhaps this quality that has earned Shakespeare the supremeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares As You Like It As a Study of Perception and Misperception2315 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeares As You Like It As a Study of Perception and Misperception The concepts of perception and misperception are common themes in many of Shakespeares plays and can be found in his comedies, tragedies and histories alike. Shakespeare explores these often-parallel elements through several different forms in his work, such as disguise, mistaken identity and blindness, and events caused by these can lead to amusing, confusing or sometimes tragic consequencesRead More The Supernatural in Macbeth Essay3374 Words   |  14 Pagesthan a few elements of the supernatural can be discovered within the action and dialogue of Shakespeares plays.   However, the extent and nature of those elements differs to a large degree.   There are traces of it to be found in Henry V, Pardon, gentles all,/The flat unraised spirit that hath dard...to bring forth/So great and object (Lucy   1).  Ã‚   There are also elements of it apparent in Winters Tale, What I did not well I meant well (Lucy   1).   The supernatural is used most fearsomely in

Rule Analysis Poetry By Poetry - 1353 Words

Rule Analysis: Poetry Introduction Poetry is a genre that expresses feeling through rhythm and tone, while creating a realistic vision of what the poet is imagining. Poems can either be short or could be lengthy, but they all have a meaning to them. A poem is often read for its message that it carries. The message is usually hidden in the context of the poem. Poetry is difficult because its language that is used is often indirect with the reader. There is no limit of subjects that can be used in a poem. They could be written about the beauty of nature, animals and the most commonly known subject, love. Poetry is a form of literature which can be used to express with vivid thoughts and feelings from the poet. I will analysis the†¦show more content†¦Every poem has at least one of the five major elements used in it. We will break down each element to find the importance it brings to poetry. Many poems use more than one of these elements without even trying. To understand of poetry, we must decipher every singl e word to appreciate and enjoy the poem. Finding and Discussion There are many five major elements of a poem to be analyxed. In poetry, the poet might only exhibit a few of these elements in every poem. The first step to understanding poetry is to know the theme. Theme is an idea that the poem expresses about the subject or uses the subject to explore a deeper thought. Does the poet examine a recurring issue? Some poets like to repeat the same set of word to the reader to have the reader realize the main point the poet is trying to get across. The poem Cruising written by a young child named Joey Q. He repeats I love Cruising before giving a reason why he likes cruise ships. Does the poet has a clear point or did he/she leave it open to interpret it. Other poets sometimes make a direct statement or the moral about an issue, but also the poet can leave the conclusion open to the reader. Letting the reader wonder and expand on their creativity and imagination. Another way to analyze a poem, besides knowing the theme, is to e xamine the impact the poem has on the reader. The emotional impact determines the tone and mood of the whole poem. It decidesShow MoreRelatedTradition And The Individual Talent944 Words   |  4 PagesEliot believes tradition in a poetry sense varies through cultures, through time, and it is ever changing. In Eliot’s critical analysis â€Å"Tradition and the Individual Talent† tradition is something considered passed down but in a poetry sense, it is something that is not inherited, it is something that requires great ambition and focus to learn from past poets. A great poet must learn from predecessors of the difficult art before he or she takes to writing great poetry. According to Eliot writers mustRead MoreNotes On A Poem Unwritten1139 Words   |  5 Pagesunsaid— still less . . . for naught. Dwayne Donkersgoed â€Å"A Poem Unwritten† In the previous lessons you analyzed poetry; and you composed different types of poetry using various elements and devices. In this portfolio you will gather your best poetry to create a portfolio. You will submit this along with a poetry analysis for instructor review. Create A Poetry Portfolio Selecting Poetry for Your Portfolio Select two poems that you consider to be your best work from the required writing assignmentsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem My August Guest By Robert Frost Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesPaper #1: Formalist Analysis The term â€Å"formalism† refers to a critical approach that analyzes, interprets, or evaluates the features of a text. These features include not only grammar and syntax but also literary devices such as meter, and metaphor. The formalist approach does not pay attention to a text s historical, biographical, or geographical context. A formal analysis, is the formal analyzation of a text. This paper will delve into the formal analysis of two distinct poems, written by differentRead MoreDifference Between Poetry And Prose900 Words   |  4 Pages The difference between poetry and prose is often chalked up to the presence or lack of rhyme and rhythm in writing. Though this might work with some classical poetry, some classical poets experimented with and broke the rules of rhythm and rhyme in favor of artistic meaning. Though many modern poets choose to use rhyme and rhythm in obvious ways, there are many who choose to throw the rules out the window. It is now necessary for st udents of poetry to not only understand how to differentiateRead MoreIs It No Right Answer?972 Words   |  4 Pagesthe dreaded Poetry Unit. While the previous statement is most definitely dramatic and not always true, it is a fact that many students have been tricked into thinking that they dislike poetry by overzealously technical teachers. I was once one of those students. The mere mention of a Poetry Unit brought war flashbacks of tedious analyses of rhyme scheme, meter, similes, metaphors, and more that took robbed me of the ability to enjoy reading poetry. Perhaps the greatest crime against poetry that certainRead MoreAnalysis Of E. Ee Cummings1103 Words   |  5 Pagestraditional style of poetry (The Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica 1). Known for his concise and sparing works of literature, Cummings’ recognizable style is displayed in his works not only in the way he uses the form but also in the way he uses words, odd grammar and punctuation, which differentiate his work from traditional poetry. Cummings created his own set of rules for the way literature should be written and his poem â€Å"l(a)† is no exception to these rules. An analysis of Cummings’ â€Å"l(a)† revealsRead MoreEssay on Romantic Era: Time of a New Time1656 Words   |  7 Pagespast. These little appreciation and acknowledgments by these few men led to a great change in time. This change began to open people’s eyes. People began to appreciate the little things. They began to appreciate music and art as well as nature and poetry. Times began to change as people started to believe in what they want some stayed with the original version of what the church had taught them and dictated to them but many began to read and do their own research and were able to decide for themselvesRead MoreStylistic Analysis: To--- by Peter Shelley1649 Words   |  7 PagesLanguage through Poetry: A Stylistic Analysis of Percy Bysshe Shelley’s â€Å"To ---â€Å" A Stylistic Paper Presented to The Faculty of the Department of English Institute of Arts and Sciences Far Eastern University Manila In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Course Eng C 31—Introduction to Stylistics Osabel, Julla C. Panis, Kimberly Nicole S. October, 2012 I. Reaction and it’s effects on you II. Summary of the Text Percy Bysshe Shelley’s â€Å"To ---â€Å" isRead MoreEssay on Walt Whitman1376 Words   |  6 Pagesrhythmical, metrical, and structural poetry. It was this end that bothered Whitman, for he believed that each word in a poem should serve only one purpose: to harmonize with the name, nature, and drift of the poem. To understand exactly what characteristics of traditional poetic rules posed such problems for Whitman, we must establish a working definition of what this means. Traditional poetic rules are those determined through the history of British poetry . This statement in itself leavesRead MoreSummary Of The Figure A Poem Makes By Robert Frost996 Words   |  4 Pagesand purpose of poetry upon his own poem â€Å"Out, out-†. To truly analyze the poem â€Å"Out, out-† through Frost’s own ideology of the nature of poetry, his own short essay â€Å"The Figure a Poem Makes† will be applied. Within Frost’s essay â€Å"The Figure a Poem Makes†, he makes clear his personal beliefs of what a poem should be. Through applying the information within â€Å"The Figure a Poem Makes†, an analysis of Frost’s Out, out-† can be made helping answer whether he follows his own rules of poetry. The importance

A Good Mentor Is Like Finding A Gold Mine - 933 Words

Finding a good mentor is like finding a gold mine. You might be good at something, but a mentor can guide you into becoming the best you can be. You might be a diamond in the rough, but a good mentor can train you in such a way that you become exceptionally valuable. Many people never achieve their full potential, nor reach their destiny because they lack the expert guidance of a mentor. In our Christian walk we need godly counsel from time to time, for without direction even a ship wouldn’t know where to go. It is sad that many people are misled because of lack and ungodly counsel. I know a time in my life, when I needed godly counsel, I prayed and asked God to send me a mentor, someone that would guide me. One day as I was praying for a mentor, I heard the Lord say to me, you don’t need to search for a mentor, because you already have a mentor. He is The Holy Spirit, He will counsel you in everything that you need to know. God has given us His Holy Spirit, so that we might learn to obey His word and fulfil His will. On our own we are not able to accomplish much, but when we receive the Holy Spirit, we are able to accomplish things that we would have not on our own. The Holy Spirit trains us in the ways of the Lord, counsels us into the spiritual truth of God.God has given us His Holy Spirit, so that we might learn to obey His word and fulfil His will. On our own we are not able to accomplish much, but when we receive the Holy Spirit, we are able to accomplish things thatShow MoreRelatedRace And Gender Has Shaped The Lives Of Californians1845 Words   |  8 Pages Eureka!- Even the Golden State had some Problems California becomes a multicultural area even before it becomes a state. It started with the Native Americans, Native Californians and Californios; then the Gold Rush brought a flood of new people such as Chinese, African American slaves, Europeans, etc, who wanted to make it rich. However, despite the fact that California increased in its diversity so much and so fast during its history, social and economic acceptance of different kinds of peopleRead MoreThe Definitive Guide to Recruiting in Good Times and Bad8137 Words   |  33 Pageswww.hbr.org FINANCIAL CRISIS SPOTLIGHT The Definitive Guide to Recruiting in Good Times and Bad by Claudio Fernà ¡ndez-Arà ¡oz, Boris Groysberg, and Nitin Nohria †¢ Included with this full-text Harvard Business Review article: 1 Article Summary The Idea in Brief—the core idea The Idea in Practice—putting the idea to work 2 The Definitive Guide to Recruiting in Good Times and Bad 12 Further Reading A list of related materials, with annotations to guide further exploration of the article’s ideasRead MoreSean Puffy Combs Essay2141 Words   |  9 Pagesentrepreneur. This being said to emphasize the power that the label had to sign other hot unknown artists. 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Cyber Crime Australian Case and its Analysis

Questions: 1. What is cybercrime?2. Describe the Australian case and its analysis?3. Who conducts cybercrime?4. How can challenges in tackling cybercrime? Answers: Introduction In present world, no human life is untouched by the impact of technology. It will be not wrong to say, that use of technology today has become an extremely integral part of our lives. Our increase in dependence on technology has made it an increasingly consolidated platform, which has completely transformed the way business and communication is being done among human beings, this has left us exposed to the threats of cybercrime (Yar, 2013). It will not be wrong to say, that at some level we as human beings are now becoming complacent towards cybercrime and its threat, and to a large extent we have left everything on technology to take care of. It is a situation where too much faith is being put on technology rather than addressing the problem itself (Anderson et al, 2012). In this essay, focus will be on understanding the concept of cybercrime through case study of Australias largest copyright infringement case. As per this case, three university students, from one of the leading universities in Australia, received criminal sentences for running a website named MP3/WMA Land, which offered more than 2000 pirated songs for free download. Over last twenty years, technology has completely revolutionized the human lives. However, unscrupulous use of information technology to commit crimes has also increased significantly. With time, phenomenon of cybercrime has become more sophisticated and menacing in nature. This work/essay seeks to define the concept of cybercrime and identify several arguments/rationale associate with it, so that there can be a logical understanding established on this topic of Cybercrime. 1. Cyber Crime According to KPMGs report (2014) on this topic, cybercrime can be identified as illegal digital activities, which are mainly targeted towards organisations and in some cases individuals to cause harm in several ways 9 Loader Thomas, 2013). Cybercrime can be considered as an umbrella term which includes several methods to target or attach a potential victim by cyber criminals. In present world cybercrime can vary from basic illegal tasks such as defacing a website, to grave activities such as e-banking related or financial frauds of high level (Ngo Paternoster, 2011, pp.773-793). Main factor which has indirectly supported the spread of cybercrime is internet. Internet as a technology, over last few years has been rapidly engulfing every aspect human lives, and has grown tremendously as an area of technical infrastructure development. That is why, today ICT (Information and Communications Technology) can be termed as omnipresent in our lives. Whether it is sending a simple e-mail, or doing a complex banking transaction, everywhere information is exposed on the communication network (Herley, 2014). This high level of digitization with support of internet has resulted into large level of exposure of information which, earlier used to be much secure in non-digitized format. High level of internet penetration, has definitely helped the human lives more convenient, but this has also resulted into the fact that today any type of information can be exploited for illegal use by category of people known as cybercriminals. These cybercriminals are the one who indulge in committing cybercrime (Shrivastav, 2013). 2. Australian case and its analysis Australian case of piracy is also a type of cybercrime. In order to understand this crime related to piracy it is first important to understand the digital music world. In present scenario, singers and other artists release their song over internet which are purchased by millions of people resulting into revenue generation. However, if a cybercriminal uploads this song for free download, then it becomes obvious that all free download will result into loss of millions of dollars for the artist and the label under which he might be working (McGee Byington, 2013). In case of international and popular artists, this situation can be even more serious. That is why music labels today take extra precautions to protect their digital properties, and have dedicated legal teams to tackle such cases (Hyman, 2013, pp.18-20). In the Australian case of piracy, two student were sentenced for 18-months with a heavy penalty of $ 5000 per person, whereas third participant in their group was given 200 hours of community service. Many people today advocate the concept of free internet, which means that people should be able to get songs, movies and other digital content free of cost. However, ethically and financially it is not justified and incorrect. For example of all the 2000 songs uploaded by the cyber-pirates on their website, each song if downloaded through legal route would have generated significant amount of revenue. It is important to understand that creation of content, its marketing and promotion is a significant cost to the label as well as the artist. However this example of piracy reflects the fact that how cybercriminal can cause damage financially (Australia, 2012). People might also argue, that above case of piracy cannot be counted as a cybercrime, as people indulged in it didnt generated any profit or advantage for themselves. However, in world of cybercrime, it is necessary to understand that cybercrimes are not just committed for gaining any profit or advantage. There are several cyber criminals who conduct cybercrime out of the feeling to prove their expertise which is not justified. In this argument of cybercrime and Australian case it is important to understand that there is one party which is suffering a monetary loss because of someone elses unauthorized activity. That is why, it becomes important to identify the intent in case of a cybercrime activity. People might assume that downloading free songs over internet is a harmless activity. However it is important to understand that it is as criminal as compared to any other cybercrime. There are several music labels in world today, which collapsed completely, just because they were unable to handle the problem of piracy. Songs and movies are pirated, and millions of people across globe download them, which ultimately results into a major loss for the producer/composer/studio etc. In such situation, it becomes essential to categorize the cybercrime activities. Following is the classification: Computer related offences Offences related to copyrights Offences related to confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems. Offences related to content This has been done in below section. Up till now cybercrime is mostly related with the financial information related crime or any government information use. People generally do not pay much attention to cases like the one mentioned above. 3. Who conducts cybercrime As mentioned in above section, that cybercriminals are the one who commit cybercrime. However cyber criminals is also an umbrella term, which means within cybercriminal group there can be people such as disgruntled employees, experienced hacker, organised cybercrime syndicates to an enemy government (Levin Ilkina, 2013). Impact of cybercrime can be understood by the fact that, today enemy countries indulge from time to time into cyber warfare. In cyber warfare there is dedicated teams of cyber criminals whose main task is to destroy or impact enemys digital infrastructure, such as banking sites, classified information etc. Biggest irony in this entire concept of cybercrime is the fact, that business organisations that develops counter-applications to tackle these issues claim for 100% security from any such cyber threat. Software applications such as firewall, anti-virus, anti-spam etc. are being sold in the market with this 100% security claim, which is practically not possible, and ideally it should never be the target as well (Australia, 2012). Because rather than completely relying on the technology itself, one must setup and develop capability which can deal with such incidents, and threats or loss can be minimised accordingly (Brahme Joshi, 2013, pp.534-545). 4. Challenges in tackling cybercrime It is surprising for many people, who believe that despite of having cutting edge technology we are yet to eradicate the menace of cybercrime from the technological landscape. However, despite various support available, there are several challenges in handling cybercrime. These challenges are as follows: Dependency on ICT: Majority of our everyday communication depends a lot on the ICT and various other internet based devices and services. Today, day-to-day aspects of life such as management of car parking system, banking, supply of energy, telecommunication etc. is channelized and supported through use of ICT. However existing technological infrastructure has several loopholes. For example homogeneity of the operating systems on which these services run. Hence in such situation the cybercriminal can launch a single attack due to his expertise on the platform, and can exploit the system. In such cases, adequate strategies are required in the place, so that counter measures can be taken against any such attack (Filshtinskiy, 2013, pp.28-30). Missing control mechanism: Presently except few international organisations in several industries, majority of the organisations are even not aware of threat perception to their information assets (Reyes et al, 2011). Even if they are aware, then they are not aware of the fact that how any potential attack on their assets should be thwarted. In such scenario, lack of awareness becomes a major challenge to handle such scenario. Organisations do not have proper control mechanism to handle any situation of cyber-attack. Most of the organisations are ill-prepared, and this at times lead to major loss of information due to attacks by cyber criminals. Hence it is important that high level of awareness is created, regarding setting up a proper control mechanism to handle such issues. No location constraints and presence on the crime site: Unlike traditional crime scenario where there is specific location where the crime is committed, and there has to be some presence at the crime site in order to commit the crime, in cyber-crime, situation is exactly opposite. A cybercriminal while sitting in a remote part of world can siphon of millions of dollars from a bank in other part of world. Due to boundaries of international laws and regulations it becomes extremely challenging and time consuming for the agencies to coordinate on such cases (Broadhurst Choo, 2011). Often investigation leads to no end resulting in further motivation for the cybercriminals. Future Conclusion One thing is sure, cybercrime activities extremely hard to stop or eradicate completely. It is a reality of information technology dominate lives of human being. However, rather than focusing on its eradication, security agencies and organisations can work together to come up with host of technology protocols which can enable in reducing the threat from cybercriminals. Multi-national corporations should work on establishing a communication protocol for business transactions and activities (Maheshwari et al, 2011). More importantly, it is necessary to create significant amount of awareness among people about the threat from cybercrime. There are vast number of people who are still unaware of threat perception from cybercrime and assume them to be insulated, until one fine day they become victim of some cybercrime activity. Hence, creating awareness and setting up a proper control mechanism at individual as well as organisational level should be the first step towards reduction in the cybercrime related activities. 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